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Incontinence

Medical Cannabis and Incontinence

Incontinence, the unintentional leaking or passing of urine, has many causes. It’s incredibly common and nothing to be embarrassed about.

Incontinence, the unintentional leaking or passing of urine, has many causes. It’s incredibly common and nothing to be embarrassed about. 

There are four main types of incontinence.

  • Stress incontinence – Leaking urine when you laugh, cough or sneeze. This type of incontinence is not related to mental stress, but rather physical stress you put on your bladder. It’s often caused by muscle damage during childbirth, obesity, neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis or connective tissue disorders, including Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

  • Urge incontinence – When the urge to pass urine comes on very suddenly and is difficult to control. This can also be caused by a neurological issue such as Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis, or by an overactive bladder.

  • Overflow incontinence – When a bladder obstruction makes it difficult to fully empty your bladder, leading to frequent leaks. This is often because of an enlarged prostate, bladder stones, constipation or a spinal cord injury. 

  • Total incontinence – When your bladder is unable to store any urine. It’s caused by lifelong bladder issues or spinal cord injury.

Evidence that correlates a link between medical cannabis and incontinence is limited and mixed. Some studies suggest medical cannabis could make bladder symptoms worse. However, there’s modest research that indicates its potential in reducing urge incontinence episodes among some MS patients. 

This is thought to be related to the cannabinoid receptors in the bladder tissue and the detrusor muscle, which is the main muscle used for urination. Medical cannabis may also be able to ease involuntary spasms for some people, which could potentially be beneficial for certain patients with urge incontinence. 

Incontinence that’s new or sudden, or accompanied by back pain or blood in urine could be a medical emergency and should be investigated by a doctor. 

If you want to learn more and find out whether you may be eligible for medical cannabis, our medical cannabis eligibility checker is fast and free. 

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FAQs

Stop the cannabis stigma with these useful FAQs. Have a question, reach out to us.
  1. Yes, patients legally prescribed medical cannabis in the UK can drive, provided that they:

    • Are not impaired in any way
    • Can prove that the cannabis medication has been legally prescribed
    • Are taking their prescribed cannabis medication as directed by your specialist consultant 

    The Cannabis Industry Council (CIC) states that as long as the above criteria are met, legally prescribed medical cannabis patients have a legal defence, even if they have over 2μg/L of THC in their blood and are subsequently arrested/charged.
    That said, it is the patient’s responsibility to judge whether they are fit to drive before getting behind the wheel.
    If you like to learn more, head to our medical cannabis and driving guide.

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Learn more about incontinence and medical cannabis

What causes incontinence?

There are many reasons why someone might have incontinence. It could be due to pelvic floor weakness or muscle damage, which is usually caused by pregnancy and childbirth, the menopause, prostate issues, a long-lasting cough or frequent heavy lifting, either at work or at the gym.

Incontinence can also be caused by a neurological condition such as multiple sclerosis or Parkinson’s disease. MS causes nerve damage to areas of the brain and spinal cord which are related to bladder activity. In Parkinson’s, patients may experience incontinence due to disrupted signals between the brain and the bladder. 

Some patients with lower back pain are also sometimes affected by incontinence and bladder problems. However, doctors are still trying to pinpoint exactly why this may be.

Bladder problems in multiple sclerosis

Bladder symptoms are very common in multiple sclerosis, with 75% of patients affected by them in some way. 

This is because MS causes nerve damage to areas of the brain and spinal cord that send signals to the bladder. This damage disrupts the signals, and often prevents the bladder functioning as it should. 

Sometimes this leads to an overactive bladder, which creates an urgent need to pass urine, frequent urination and incontinence. However, it can also cause an underactive bladder, which prevents the bladder from emptying properly and creates a risk of urinary tract infections. 

MS patients may also wake up several times a night to urinate. This is called nocturia and it affects sleep, often leading to fatigue and low energy levels during the day.

But sleep isn’t the only thing bladder problems have an impact on. They affect mental health, sometimes leading to depression or anxiety, sleep and some studies have suggested that bladder problems increase the risk of falls among MS patients as they rush to a bathroom.

Bladder problems in Parkinson’s 

Bladder symptoms in Parkinson’s often mirror bladder issues in multiple sclerosis. However, they have different root causes. 

People with Parkinson’s disease experience a loss in brain cells that cause dopamine. Dopamine helps with normal muscle movement, which is why diminishing dopamine can cause shaking, slowness, stiffness and balance issues, as well as less control of the bladder.

Urge incontinence is the most common type seen in Parkinson’s patients as the muscles contract more than they should, leading to frequent and urgent urination. 

Just like with MS, incontinence in Parkinson’s can have a serious impact on sleep and mental health. 

Can medical cannabis help?

Evidence suggesting that medical cannabis can help with incontinence is currently very limited, so we can’t draw any confident conclusions. 

In fact, some studies suggest medical cannabis could trigger bladder overactivity. This is because the cannabinoids in medical cannabis might affect how the signals between the brain and bladder work. Regular stimulation of the cannabinoid receptors in the bladder may also make muscles behave more erratically.

However, there is emerging evidence that suggests medical cannabis could help some MS patients manage bladder-related symptoms. This is thought to be because medical cannabis may help regulate nerve signals between the bladder and the brain, which could potentially improve bladder control for some patients. Medical cannabis may also be able to relax the main muscle in the bladder, which could possibly help reduce urge incontinence caused by spasms. 

There are currently no studies on medical cannabis and bladder issues in Parkinson’s patients, so more research is needed before we can draw any link on that topic.

When to speak to your doctor

If you’re experiencing new or sudden incontinence, incontinence with back pain of numbness, pain or blood when passing urine, please seek medical attention. Loss of bowel or bladder control with back pain is a medical emergency. 

6. FAQs

Can CBD help with an overactive bladder?

There is no clear proof that CBD can help with an overactive bladder. All studies on medical cannabis and bladder overactivity in MS have used THC and CBD in combination. There are currently no studies that have looked into the effects of CBD alone on bladder activity. 

Is medical cannabis prescribed for MS bladder symptoms?

Some MS patients may be eligible for medical cannabis. However, bladder issues aren’t usually the main reason for a medical cannabis prescription because there’s not enough clinical evidence to support it. 

Each MS case and symptoms are assessed individually by a registered clinician and a patient must have tried two traditional methods of managing symptoms before they can be prescribed medical cannabis.

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