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Constipation

Medical Cannabis and Constipation

Constipation is when you have fewer bowel movements than usual or when your bowel movements are particularly hard to pass. Everyone’s bodies and digestive systems are different, but the NHS usually considers someone to be constipated when they’ve had fewer than three bowel movements in a week. 

Constipation is when you have fewer bowel movements than usual or when your bowel movements are particularly hard to pass. Everyone’s bodies and digestive systems are different, but the NHS usually considers someone to be constipated when they’ve had fewer than three bowel movements in a week. 

There are lots of reasons why someone may become constipated. Sometimes it’s caused by something as simple as not eating enough fibre or a change in routine, such as going away on holiday. Some women experience constipation in the days before their period, which is thought to be due to a rise in progesterone levels during the luteal phase. These constipation causes can usually be remedied with more fibre, more exercise and more water.

However, it’s also a common symptom of long-term conditions, including irritable bowel syndrome and endometriosis. There’s a specific subtype of IBS called IBS-C which is characterised by constipation and hard stools. Endometriosis is also commonly associated with constipation because the lesions that cause the disease can affect the surface of the bowel or grow into the bowel wall, causing a host of gastroenterological symptoms that mirror, and are often mistaken for, IBS. 

Studies that make any positive or negative suggestions about medical cannabis for constipation are very limited, and mixed. It’s thought that the THC in medical cannabis could sometimes slow the gut, potentially making constipation worse for some patients. 

However, there is some promising evidence to suggest that patients with IBS, endometriosis and other gut-affecting conditions could use medical cannabis to manage the pain and inflammation that often accompany constipation. 

You should see a doctor if you have persistent constipation that comes with blood in stools, fatigue, stomach pain or unintended weight loss. 

If you want to learn more and find out whether you may be eligible for medical cannabis, our medical cannabis eligibility checker is fast and free. 

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FAQs

Stop the cannabis stigma with these useful FAQs. Have a question, reach out to us.
  1. Yes, patients legally prescribed medical cannabis in the UK can drive, provided that they:

    • Are not impaired in any way
    • Can prove that the cannabis medication has been legally prescribed
    • Are taking their prescribed cannabis medication as directed by your specialist consultant 

    The Cannabis Industry Council (CIC) states that as long as the above criteria are met, legally prescribed medical cannabis patients have a legal defence, even if they have over 2μg/L of THC in their blood and are subsequently arrested/charged.
    That said, it is the patient’s responsibility to judge whether they are fit to drive before getting behind the wheel.
    If you like to learn more, head to our medical cannabis and driving guide.

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Learn more about constipation and medical cannabis

What causes constipation?

Constipation is an incredibly common symptom that most people will occasionally experience. It’s usually caused by something simple, like a change in diet or a new routine. Some people experience it when they go on holiday, and some women experience it before their period, which is thought to be due to an uptick in progesterone levels in the second half of the menstrual cycle. 

However, it’s also a common symptom of lifelong conditions, most notably IBS and endometriosis. There are four sub-types of IBS and IBS-C is the sub-type characterised by predominant constipation. This is thought to be because of abnormal gut motility; muscle contractions in these patients’ colons are slower and less coordinated. IBS flare-ups are usually caused by specific food triggers, stress or anxiety, alcohol, caffeine or illness. 

Constipation can also be caused by endometriosis. This is because endometriosis tissue can affect the surface of the bowel or grow into the bowel wall, which leads to uncomfortable stomach symptoms, including constipation. Because of this, some endometriosis cases are initially misdiagnosed as IBS. 

Can medical cannabis help with constipation?

There is no clear evidence that medical cannabis is helpful for constipation. In fact, constipation is sometimes cited as a side effect of medical cannabis as the THC content can slow the gut in some patients. 

However, there is limited but optimistic evidence that suggests that medical cannabis may help some patients living with IBS and endometriosis manage certain symptoms. IBS is often linked to anxiety; anxiety can trigger a flare-up and it can also be brought on or worsened by gut-related symptoms. Although it doesn’t examine IBS-related anxiety specifically, emerging research indicates that medical cannabis could potentially help patients manage anxiety in general. However, it’s important to note that some research suggests the THC in cannabis could make anxiety worse.  

According to a two-year UK-based observational study, there may be a link between medical cannabis and a reduction in the physical pain caused by endometriosis. The exact reasons for this aren’t established, but research suggests that medical cannabis may interact with the endocannabinoid system in a way that modulates pain perception, soothes inflammation and reduces pain sensitivity. 

Can medical cannabis cause constipation?

Yes, medical cannabis might cause constipation in some patients. It’s a known possible side effect and is thought to be caused by the THC content, which can slow the gut. However, one survey found that people who use cannabis recreationally reported constipation less often, so more evidence is needed before we can draw a confident conclusion. 

If you’re a Releaf patient who’s experiencing constipation, our Releaf clinicians will be able to advise and adjust your treatment plan. Please speak to your care team and don’t stop treatment without professional advice. 

Medical cannabis, the gut and IBS

The endocannabinoid system and the gut are closely linked and communicate constantly, helping to regulate bowel function. The THC content in medical cannabis interacts with the endocannabinoid system’s CB1 receptors, in a way that can slow gut motility. This can be a benefit for patients with the subtype of IBS that causes diarrhoea through transit that’s too fast, but may not be as suitable for patients with the subtype that causes slow transit and constipation.  

When to speak to your doctor

If you are experiencing constipation with other symptoms including blood in stools, losing weight without trying, a lasting change in your toilet habits, bad or worsening stomach pain, please seek advice from your GP or call 111. 

6. FAQs

Can CBD help with constipation? 

There is no strong evidence that suggests that CBD could help with constipation and certain evidence actually indicates that it could, similarly to THC, make constipation worse by slowing the gut down. However, research on CBD and the gut is limited and mostly from animal studies. 

Is medical cannabis prescribed for IBS?

Medical cannabis can sometimes be prescribed to IBS patients, as long as they have tried two traditional methods of managing their symptoms first. However, every patient is assessed on an individual basis by an expert clinician. Our quick online eligibility checker can help you find out if you may be eligible. 

Which cannabinoids affect the digestive system? 

Among cannabinoids, THC’s effects on the digestive system are the most well-established. It binds to CB1 receptors, which slows the digestive system down. The effects of CBD on the digestive system are less clearcut and could depend on the state of the gut.

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