Terpenes
Terpenes are aromatic compounds found throughout the plant kingdom, including cannabis - but they do more than just smell nice. Research conducted in the last 40 years has revealed that terpenes play a crucial role in the diverse therapeutic effects of different strains of cannabis.
How do terpenes add to the therapeutic potential of medical cannabis?
The 'entourage effect' is a widely accepted theory that states that the combination of multiple compounds in cannabis, including terpenes and cannabinoids, work together to produce more significant therapeutic effects than if the same compounds were taken alone.
Terpenes are also being shown to offer unique therapeutic benefits of their own. For example, myrcene, the most abundant terpene in cannabis, has been found to have analgesic and sedative properties.
What are the main terpenes produced by cannabis plants?
Researchers have isolated close to 400 terpenes from cannabis, but there are a handful of primary terpenes that are more commonly found in certain strains:
Myrcene is the most commonly found terpene in cannabis and offers a musky, earthy aroma. It's believed to have anti-inflammatory and sedative properties, making it a popular choice for those looking for pain relief and relaxation.
Limonene has a citrusy, lemon-like scent and is known for its mood-boosting and stress-reducing effects. It's also believed to have antibacterial and anti-fungal properties.
Pinene has a piney aroma and is believed to improve memory and focus, while also being anti-inflammatory and working as a bronchodilator.
Beta-caryophyllene has a spicy, woody scent and is believed to have powerful pain-relieving effects.
Do terpenes interact with the endocannabinoid system?
Beta-caryophyllene is the only terpene proven to bind with either of the body's endocannabinoid receptors. It binds with the CB2 receptor and acts as an anti-inflammatory.
To find out if you are eligible for medical cannabis treatment in the UK, check out our fast and free medical cannabis eligibility checker.
If you would like to learn more about medical cannabis in the UK, Releaf is here to help. In addition to this medical cannabis glossary, we have an extensive blog and education hub to explore, both filled with resources that UK medical cannabis patients, prescribers, and educators have been asking for.